Conclusão
Author | José Antonio Farah Lopes de Lima |
Profession | Funcionário do Estado de São Paulo |
Pages | 271-272 |
Page 271
O continente europeu vive um momento histórico: após cinquenta anos, consolida-se uma União Política, através da proposta de uma Constituição Européia, com implicação em todas as atividades políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais de seu povo. Trata-se da primeira organização supranacional a atingir tal grau de institucionalização, servindo de modelo para os demais blocos regionais e continentais, entre eles, nosso Mercosul e nossa América do Sul.
Tivemos por fim com esta obra realizar uma análise sucinta do Direito Penal Europeu, que devemos enfatizar, é matéria ainda em estado embrionário, já que somente com a Constituição a União Européia estabelece uma base jurídica determinando uma conpetência penal comunitária. De qualquer modo, a partir deste trabalho, o operador do direito brasileiro terá uma ferramenta de reflexão comparatista que lhe servirá de modelo para pensar seu próprio sistema jurídico, visando sua evolução.
Considerada a complexidade da matéria, procuramos apresentar apenas noções básicas quanto ao sistema jurídico da União Européia, de modo que o leitor pudesse acompanhar nosso raciocínio. E inserimos vários julgados proferidos pela Corte Européia de Direitos Humanos, que torna viva a Convenção Européia de Direitos Humanos, já que esta jurisprudência permeia todo sistema penal comunitário e dos Estados membros.
A legislação penal dos Estados europeus tornou-se objeto de uma competência compartilhada entre as instituições européias e os Estados nacionais, fruto de uma evolução normativa e de uma zona de interferência existente entre o Direito da União Européia e o Direito Penal nacional. Tal situação torna o Direito Penal Europeu altamente complexo, e objeto de muita tensão entre as instâncias comunitárias e os Estados nacionais. Se no Brasil, que é um Estado federativo, já temos muitos conflitos entre a União e os Estados, sendo que estes não possuem soberania, mas apenas autonomia, podemos imaginar a complexa relação entre Estados nacionais resistentes à perda de soberania e uma estrutura supranacional (a União Européia) cada vez mais intrusiva em suas competências.
Page 272
O Direito Penal não escapa aos mecanismos de irradiação normativa provenientes das instituições européias. Muitas dificuldades aparecem na construção desta interseção normativa, visto que a linearidade aparente das relações entre o Direito Europeu e o Direito Nacional é desmentido pela variedade de instrumentos normativos aos quais a...
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