Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

• Author: García Graña, Geisel; Grassler, Marjorie; Vedel, Thierry
• Pages: 17-19

4. Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

＠

ｂ｡ｳｩ｣＠ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ

＠

ｔｨ･ ＲＰＱＵ ｴ･ｲｲｯｲｩｳｴ ｡ｴｴ｡｣ｫｳ ｩｮ ｆｲ｡ｮ｣･ ｡ｲ･ ｳｴｩｬｬ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｭｩｮ､ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｬ･ｧｩｳｬ｡ｴｯｲＬ ｰ｡ｲｴｩ｣ｵｬ｡ｲｬｹ ｷｩｴｨ ｴｨ･ ｩｮｴ･ｬｬｩｧ･ｮ｣･ ｬ｡ｷ ｴｨ｡ｴ

ｲ｡ｩｳ･､ ｡ｬｬ ｴｨ･ ｡ｬ｡ｲｭｳ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｯｰｰｯｮ･ｮｴｳＮ ｉｮ ｴｨ･ ｮ｡ｭ･ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｦｩｧｨｴ ｡ｧ｡ｩｮｳｴ ｴ･ｲｲｯｲｩｳｭＬ ｴｨ･ ｧｯｶ･ｲｮｭ･ｮｴ ｷｩｬｬ ｣ｯｮｴｩｮｵ･ ｴｯ ｩｮｳｴ｡ｬｬ

󰜝｢ｬ｡｣ｫ＠｢ｯｸ･ｳ󰜞＠ｯｮ＠ｴｨ･＠ｉｓｐ＠ｴｯ＠ｫ･･ｰ＠ｵｮ､･ｲ＠ｳｵｲｶ･ｩｬｬ｡ｮ｣･＠ｴｨ･＠｢･ｨ｡ｶｩｯｵｲ＠ｯｦ＠ｰ･ｯｰｬ･＠｣ｯｮｳｩ､･ｲ･､＠ｳｵｳｰｩ｣ｩｯｵｳＮ

＠

ｏｮ ｴｨ･ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｨ｡ｮ､Ｌ ｒ･ｰｯｲｴ･ｲｳ ｷｩｴｨｯｵｴ ｂｯｲ､･ｲｳ ｮｯｴ･ｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ Ｂｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｳ ｡ｲ･ ｮｯｴ ｩｭｭｵｮ･ ｴｯ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｨ｡ｲ｡ｳｳｭ･ｮｴ ｡ｮ､ ｡ｲ･

｢･｣ｯｭｩｮｧ ｡ ｰｲｩｭ･ ｴ｡ｲｧ･ｴ ｦｯｲ ｴｲｯｬｬｳ ｯｦ ｡ｬｬ ｫｩｮ､ｳ ｨｩ､､･ｮ ｢･ｨｩｮ､ ｴｨ･ｩｲ ｳ｣ｲ･･ｮｳ ｡ｮ､ ｰｳ･ｵ､ｯｮｹｭｳＢＮ ｔｨｩｳ ｰｲｯ｢ｬ･ｭ ｩｳ

ｰ｡ｲｴｩ｣ｵｬ｡ｲｬｹ ｮｯｴｩ｣･｡｢ｬ･ ｦｯｲ ｷｯｭ･ｮＮ ｉｮ ｆｲ｡ｮ｣･Ｌ ｴｨ･ ｳｩｴｵ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｨ｡ｳ ｢･･ｮ ｩｬｬｵｳｴｲ｡ｴ･､ ｷｩｴｨ ｴｨ･ ｣｡ｳ･ ｯｦ 󰜝ｌ｡ ｌｩｧｵ･ ､ｵ ｌｯｌ󰜞Ｎ

ｒ･｣･ｮｴｬｹ ｶｯｴ･､Ｌ ｴｨ･ ｬ｡ｷ ａｶｩ｡ ｩｳ ｯｮ･ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｮ･ｷ ｴｯｯｬｳ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｳｴ｡ｴ･ ｴｯ ｦｩｧｨｴ ｡ｧ｡ｩｮｳｴ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｨ｡ｴｲ･､Ｎ ａｰ｡ｲｴ ｦｲｯｭ ｬｩｳｴ･ｮｩｮｧ ｴｯ

ｴｨ･ ｣ｲｩｴｩ｣ｩｳｭｳＬ ｩｴ ｷｩｬｬ ｢･ ｮ･｣･ｳｳ｡ｲｹ ｴｯ ｦｯｬｬｯｷ ｴｨ･ ･ｶ｡ｬｵ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｮ･ｷ ｯ｢ｳ･ｲｶ｡ｴｯｲｹ ｣ｲ･｡ｴ･､ ｴｯ ｷ｡ｴ｣ｨ ｵｰｯｮ ｴｨ･ ｡ｰｰｬｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮ

ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ｬ｡ｷＬ＠ｵｮ､･ｲ＠ｴｨ･＠｡ｵｴｨｯｲｩｴｹ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ｃｓａＮ

＠

ｅｶ･ｮ ｩｦ ｬ･ｧ｡ｬ ｭ･｣ｨ｡ｮｩｳｭｳ ｲ･ｧ｡ｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｨ･ ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｣ｯｮｦｩ､･ｮｴｩ｡ｬ ｳｯｵｲ｣･ｳ ｡ｲ･ ｩｮ ｰｬ｡｣･Ｌ ｳ･ｶ･ｲ｡ｬ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｳ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｢･･ｮ

ｳｵｭｭｯｮ･､ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ｇ･ｮ･ｲ｡ｬ ｄｩｲ･｣ｴｯｲ｡ｴ･ ｯｦ ｉｮｴ･ｲｮ｡ｬ ｓ･｣ｵｲｩｴｹ ＨｄｇｓｉＩＮ ｔｨｩｳ ｢･ｨ｡ｶｩｯｵｲ ｣ｯｵｬ､ ｪ･ｯｰ｡ｲ､ｩｳ･ ｴｨ･ ｬ･ｧ｡ｬ ｲｩｧｨｴ ｯｦ

ｳｯｵｲ｣･ ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｣ｯｵｬ､ ｡ｬｳｯ ｡ｦｦ･｣ｴ ｴｨ･ ､｡ｩｬｹ ｷｯｲｫ ｯｦ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｳＮ ｔｨ･ ｓ･｣ｲ･ｴ ｔｲ｡､･ ｬ｡ｷ ｩｳ ｡ｬｳｯ ｡ｮ ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮｴ ｩｳｳｵ･ ｦｯｲ

ｴｨ･＠ｷｨｩｳｴｬ･｢ｬｯｷ･ｲｳＮ

＠

ａ ｳｴｵ､ｹ ｦｲｯｭ ｴｨ･ ｆｲ･ｮ｣ｨ ､･ｦ･ｮ､･ｲ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｲｩｧｨｴｳ ｯｦ ｣ｯｮｳｵｭ･ｲｳＬ ｕｆｃＭｑｵ･ ｣ｨｯｩｳｩｲＬ ｳｨｯｷｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ Ｂｧｯｯ､ ｢ｲｯ｡､｢｡ｮ､Ｂ ｩｳ ｮｯｴ

｡｣｣･ｳｳｩ｢ｬ･ ｴｯ ＱＹＮＱＥ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｲ ＱＲＮＸ ｭｩｬｬｩｯｮ ｣ｯｮｳｵｭ･ｲｳＮ ｉｴ ｷｩｬｬ ｢･ ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮｴ ｴｯ ｣ｨ･｣ｫ ｩｦ ｴｨ･ ｯ｢ｪ･｣ｴｩｶ･ｳ ｯｦ ｴｨ･

ＲＰＱＳ＠ｐｬ｡ｮ＠ｆｲ｡ｮ｣･＠ｴｲ￨ｳ＠ｨ｡ｵｴ＠､￩｢ｩｴ＠Ｈ｡｣｣･ｳｳ＠ｴｯ＠Ｂｧｯｯ､＠｢ｲｯ｡､｢｡ｮ､＠ｦｯｲ＠｡ｬｬ󰜞Ｌ＠｡ｴ＠ｬ･｡ｳｴ＠Ｘ＠ｍ｢ＯｳＬ＠ｩｮ＠ＲＰＲＰＩ＠｡ｲ･＠･ｸ･｣ｵｴ･､Ｎ

＠

ａ｣｣ｯｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｯ｢ｳ･ｲｶ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｯｦ ａｒｃｅｐＬ ｴｨ･ ｡ｧ･ｮ｣ｹ ｩｮ ｣ｨ｡ｲｧ･ ｯｦ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｩｮｧ ｴ･ｬ･｣ｯｭｭｵｮｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｩｮ ｆｲ｡ｮ｣･Ｌ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｩｳ ｮｯ

ｳｵｳｰｩ｣ｩｯｮ＠ｯｦ＠｡ｮｹ＠ｴｲ｡ｦｦｩ｣＠ｭ｡ｮ｡ｧ･ｭ･ｮｴ＠｣ｯｮｴｲ｡ｲｹ＠ｴｯ＠ｮ･ｴ＠ｮ･ｵｴｲ｡ｬｩｴｹＮ

＠

Page 17 The Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom is co-financed by the European Union