Prólogo
Author | I. Blázquez Rodríguez / V. L. Gutiérrez Castillo |
Pages | 17-21 |
Page 17
La inmigración y el asilo no figuraban entre las competencias originarias de las Comunidades Europeas, a pesar de que, desde 1950, Europa no ha dejado de ser un continente receptor de inmigrantes. Las bases para el tratamiento de estas cuestiones por las instituciones comunitarias se establecieron entre 1986 y 1992. En efecto, el objetivo de crear un mercado interior llevó a considerar a la inmigración como una cuestión que debía abordarse a nivel comunitario europeo, incluyéndose en el Acta Única Europea, hecha en Luxemburgo el 17 de febrero de 1986 y en La Haya el 28 de febrero de 1986, un programa de armonización de la política de inmigración que favoreciera el desarrollo de una cooperación más estrecha entre los Estados miembros. Francia, Alemania, Bélgica, Holanda y Luxemburgo ya habían firmado el 14 de junio de 1985 el Acuerdo de Schengen, acuerdo de carácter intergubernamental para reforzar la cooperación política y judicial con el objetivo de suprimir las fronteras interiores y reforzar las exteriores. El Convenio de Aplicación de este Acuerdo fue firmado el 19 de junio de 1990, en vigor desde el 26 de marzo de 1995. Posteriormente se incorporarían otros Estados miembros, España y Portugal, entre ellos, en 1995.
El mecanismo intergubernamental fue utilizado también para evitar los fenómenos del refugee-in orbit y del asylum-shopping, con la firma del Convenio de Dublín de 13 de junio de 1991 sobre el Estado responsable del examen de una solicitud de asilo presentada en alguno de los Estados miembros de la Comunidad Europea, que entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 1997.
Las políticas de inmigración y asilo, sin embargo, no van a incorporarse a la agenda del proceso de integración hasta el Tratado de la Unión Europea firmado en Maastricht el 7 de febrero de 1992, consideradas como materias integrantes de la Cooperación en Justicia y Asuntos de Interior, pilar en el que se adoptan las decisiones siguiendo los mecanismos de la cooperación intergubernamental. Posteriormente, la entrada en vigor el 1 de mayo de Page 19 1999 del Tratado de Ámsterdam de 2 de octubre de 1997, va a acelerar la transformación de estos temas en cuestiones de carácter comunitario, al vincularlas estrechamente con la consecución de un espacio europeo de libertad, justicia y seguridad, de una parte, y al decretar la incorporación al acervo comunitario del Acuerdo de Schengen, de otra. Inmediatamente después, el Consejo Europeo de Tampere, celebrado en 1999...
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- Derecho de la Unión Europea sobre inmigración y asilo
- Abreviaturas
- Presentaciones
- Derecho Originario
- Epílogo
- Prólogo
- Entrada y cruce de fronteras
- Índice analítico
- Estudio y formación
- Normativa de referencia
- Bibliografía
- Jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
- Reagrupación familiar
- Residencia e integración
- Inmigración irregular
- Nacionales de terceros países en situación privilegiada
- Asilo y refugio
- Declaraciones
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