Diseño de la evaluación final
Author | Ana María Delgado García (Coord.) |
Profession | Profesora de Derecho Financiero y Tributario |
La evaluación sumativa o final es el tipo de evaluación que se utiliza para calificar a los estudiantes al acabar una unidad o una asignatura, con la finalidad de determinar el grado de consecución de los objetivos previstos y valorar positiva o negativamente el producto evaluado. Se trata, por lo tanto, de una evaluación que acredita y promociona al estudiante en la medida que le permite seguir adelante en su iter académico o la obtención de un título.
Este sistema de evaluación se focaliza en el aprendizaje como producto acabado con la finalidad de verificar el logro de los objetivos del proceso educacional. A diferencia de la evaluación continua, ésta no incide de manera directa en la mejora del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes evaluados, precisamente por ser un tipo de evaluación que se realiza a posteriori cuando el proceso se considera terminado.
Tradicionalmente, este tipo de evaluación ha tendido a centrarse exclusivamente en el control. Como hemos visto, la evaluación continua, en cambio, incorpora todo un conjunto de estrategias que tienen por objeto la mejora del proceso de aprendizaje.
Otra diferencia entre ambas clases de evaluación reside en el tipo de pruebas, en el caso del examen final tradicional el tipo de preguntas que se suelen plantear son, principalmente, preguntas de desarrollo, resolución de casos prácticos, pruebas de elección múltiple o de verdadero y falso; mientras que los sistemas de evaluación continua optan por pruebas que se centran en experiencias de los alumnos, en debates, en el uso de portafolios u otras diversas actuaciones de los alumnos.
La evaluación final focaliza la puntuación del estudiante en relación con la obtenida por el resto de estudiantes. En cambio, en la evaluación continua la puntuación del estudiante está en relación con su propio proceso de aprendizaje.
Las universidades han incorporado como índice para medir los resultados globales de la institución el rendimiento de sus estudiantes. Por este motivo, el fracaso de los estudiantes es un elemento que, actualmente, preocupa en las universidades. De modo que la decisión del momento en el que se plantea la evaluación debe ser tomada con suma precaución. Es bien sabido que en los casos en los que se utiliza sólo la evaluación final como único sistema de evaluación, la mayor concentración de horas de estudio de los estudiantes se produce precisamente pocos días antes del examen. A diferencia de lo que ocurre con la evaluación...
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- Evaluación de las competencias en el espacio europeo de educación superior
- Introducción
- Un nuevo escenario docente universitario: el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
- Las competencias
- La evaluación
- Diseño de la evaluación continua
- Diseño de la evaluación final
- Competencias y actividades de evaluación
- Experiencias docentes
- A modo de conclusión
- Anexo I. Modelos de las encuestas efectuadas
- Anexo II. Ejemplos de prueba de evaluación continua diseñada por competencias
- Anexo III. Ejemplos de exámenes virtuales realizados en la UOC
- Bibliografía
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