El carácter del artículo 1154 CC
Author | Germán de Castro Vítores |
Profession | Doctor en Derecho. Profesor de Derecho civil. Universidad de Valladolid |
Pages | 123-124 |
Page123
Se plantea la doctrina si el artículo 1154 tiene carácter imperativo, o puede excluirse convencionalmente su aplicación. Si aceptamos que el sistema del Código es el respeto a la voluntad de las partes, no hay más remedio que sostener su carácter dispositivo, como hacen ALBALADEJO y MAS BADÍA, a través de una «congelación de la pena», establecida de forma clara en el contrato328. Sin embargo, SANCHO REBULLIDA plantea un posible carácter imperativo del precepto, de manera que su fundamento se desvincularía un tanto de la voluntad presunta de las partes, y los contratantes no podrían evitar la actuación judicial moderadora, salvo que, contemplando en el contrato las distintas posibilidades de incumplimiento, establecieran unos criterios razonables que reajustaran la cuantía de la pena según el distinto grado de satisfacción del acreedor329.
Algunos formulan este carácter imperativo con mayor rotundidad, las partes no podrían impedir que intervenga el juicio de equidad330. Si bien, en realidad, si han dispuesto lo que indicaba SANCHO REBULLIDA, no debiera intervenir.
En Francia, antes de la reforma de 1975, se aceptaba el carácter dispositivo del artículo 1231 CCF. Después, se declara de orden público. Lo mismo sucede en Bélgica en la reforma de 1998. Ahora bien, lo más importante, como indica doctrina y jurisprudencia, es el carácter imperativo de la reductibilidad de la...
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