La salud y la seguridad en las obras de construcción menores
Profession | La salud y la seguridad en las obras de construcción menores |
Pages | #48 |
48
A g e n c i a E u r o p e a p a r a l a S e g u r i d a d y l a S a l u d e n e l T r a b a j o
ISSN 1681-2085
La salud y la seguridad en las obras de construcción menores
[25a0] utilizar, cuando no haya otra alternativa, medidas de protección individuales;
La construcción es una actividad arriesgada: en este sector la mortalidad por accidente es de aproximadamente 13 trabajadores por cada 100 000, frente a 5 por cada 100 000 de promedio en el conjunto del sector (1). El trabajo en la construcción supone además la exposición de los trabajadores a toda una serie de peligros para la salud, que van desde la asbestosis al dolor lumbar, y desde el síndrome de vibración brazo-mano a las quemaduras por cemento. En la presente hoja informativa se ofrecen consejos básicos sobre salud y seguridad en la construcción, pero no pretende ser una guía exhaustiva. Se recomienda, si se precisa un asesoramiento adicional, ponerse en contacto con las autoridades u organismos de su país responsables en la materia antes de empezar a trabajar.
Antes de empezar a trabajar en la obra
En el diseño de las obras de construcción deben incorporarse las consideraciones relativas a la seguridad y la salud tanto antes como durante y después de empezar la obra. Resulta más barato y fácil controlar los riesgos para los trabajadores de la construcción antes de empezar la obra, por ejemplo:
[25a0]
instaurando una política para la adquisición de maquinaria y equipos de trabajo (por ejemplo, adquiriendo herramientas con bajos niveles de emisión de ruido y vibraciones);
[25a0]
introduciendo especificaciones sobre salud y seguridad en los pliegos de condiciones de las licitaciones (que como mínimo se cumpla con la legislación nacional);
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planificando el proceso de trabajo para minimizar el número de trabajadores que puedan resultar lesionados; por ejemplo, programar los trabajos ruidosos cuando menor número de trabajadores puedan estar expuestos a ellos;
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comenzando las actividades de control antes de empezar la obra (por ejemplo, con actividades de planificación, formación, contratación y mantenimiento de los lugares de obra);
[25a0]
fijando procedimientos efectivos de consulta y participación de los trabajadores en materia de seguridad y salud en el trabajo;
[25a0]
velando por que todas las personas, incluidos los directivos, reciban formación y puedan realizar su trabajo sin riesgos para su salud y seguridad o la de otros trabajadores.
Gestión en el lugar de la obra
Los empresarios, en colaboración con los supervisores de obra, deben velar por la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores. Para este...
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- Facts (Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo)
- Éxito en la gestión de la prevención de accidentes
- Seguridad y salud en el trabajo y empleabilidad: programas, prácticas y experiencias.Resumen de un informe de la Agencia
- La seguridad y la salud en el trabajo en las actividades de marketing y adquisición de bienes y servicios
- El estrés relacionado con el trabajo
- Trastornos dorsolumbares de origen laboral. Resumen del informe de la Agencia
- Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea: inventario de factores
- Estrés en el trabajo. Resumen de un informe de la Agencia
- Futuras necesidades y prioridades en materia de investigación sobre la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo en los Estados
- Cómo reducir los accidentes de trabajo
- La violencia en el Trabajo
- Lesiones por movimientos repetitivos en los Estados miembros de la UE. Resumen de un informe de la Agencia
- Acoso moral en el trabajo
- Trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral del cuello y las extremidades superiores:
- Prevención de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral
- Trastornos musculoesqueléticos de origen laboral en Europa
- La mejora de la seguridad y la salud laborales en las PYME: ejemplos de asistencia eficaz
- Evaluación de riesgos para pequeñas embarcaciones de pesca
- Sitio Web de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo
- Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo
- Información on-line sobre buenas prácticas en materia de seguridad y salud
- La gestión de la seguridad y la salud laborales en el sector de la enseñanza
- La seguridad y la salud laborales en el sector de la enseñanza II
- Prevención de la violencia contra el personal del sector de la enseñanza
- Uso de los sistemas de gestión de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea
- Las nuevas modalidades de relaciones contractuales y su repercusión de la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo
- Introducción a las sustancias peligrosas en el trabajo
- Eliminación y sustitución de sustancias peligrosas
- La comunicación de la información relativa a las sustancias peligrosas
- Prevención de accidentes en el sector de la construcción
- Sensibilizantes respiratorios
- Sensibilizadores cutáneos
- Agentes biologicos
- Evaluación económica de la prevención de accidentes de trabajo en la empresa
- Inventario de los costes socioeconómicos de los accidentes de trabajo
- Buenas prácticas en seguridad y salud online
- Acceso a la información sobre el estrés en el trabajo desde http://osha.eu.int/ew2002/
- Consejos prácticos para los trabajadores sobre cómo abordar el estrés relacionado con el trabajo y sus causas
- Cómo abordar los problemas psicosociales y reducir el estrés laboral
- La salud y la seguridad en las obras de construcción menores
- Trabajo seguro en tejados
- El amianto en la construcción
- Accidentes de trabajo en la UE - panorama estadístico (1998-1999)
- Prevención de accidentes de carretera en los que estén implicados
- Hacer llegar el mensaje: campañas sobre salud y seguridad. Resumen de un manual de la Agencia.
- Prevención de accidentes con vehículos de transporte en el lugar de trabajo.
- Prevención de accidentes en el sector de la construcción
- Prevención de resbalones, tropiezos y caídas en el trabajo
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